Wilderley Mine

Location - 4 miles south of Pontesbury (SJ412006)

Minerals - Copper

Working Life - Known working life : 1916-1918

History ("Wilderley Copper Mine", Malcolm Newton & Adrian Pearce, SCMC Journal No.1)

The following is based on a set of photographs of the above mine dated 1917, together with a letter and report concerned with its progress at that time. The work was being carried out by the Anglo-Rhodesia Investment Co Ltd and the Annual List of Mines shows this company as having an average of 9 men working underground and 6 on the surface. It seems that work had only recently commenced and the letter dated 30th November 1917 was an attempt to attract the Rev T R Walker and friends as investors.

"... our work is at present centred in three directions namely (1) Sinking the Main Shaft, (2) Driving the Main Level (to cut the Main Shaft at a depth of 253ft) and (3) Sinking of Boreholes to intersect the lode 420ft from the surface, that is about 150ft below the Main Level.

The Main Shaft is down over 110ft and at 90ft a cross-cut out into the Hanging-Wall exposed the lode with very favourable results. We are sinking down to 140ft with all dispatch, and to cross-cut into the lode again, when our Engineers are of the opinion Sulphide ore will be reached and suitable also for the manufacture of Sulphuric Acid. In other words we can expect to reach actual production from Sulphide ores at quite an early date.

The Main Level is being driven from the valley below and to be continued through the hill. Owing to height of the hill (rising over 500ft) above our Main Level, an immense tonnage should be obtained from this Level alone, to say nothing of values from many hundred feet below the Main Level.

The Boring is to be undertaken now in order to prove values below the Main Level and to indicate quickest and cheapest method of attacking the lode at depth.

A local colliery proprietor - himself a fully certificated Mining Engineer with many years practical mining experience in our neighbourhood also gives us much assistance. The survey plan he had prepared for us shows that this copper lode has already been proved for about 1000 yards. He is also of the opinion ours is the Master Lode of the district and of no small value. Further, that under the Barytes valuable copper will be found running East-West and intersecting our North-South lode.

Outside our Northern boundary and on our Northern extension, level headed businessmen are opening up the same lode [is this Huglith?] and spending capital like water in mining operations upon a big scale and in installing costly and large plant.

Our results obtained to date involve an expenditure of about only £4,000 provided by local, Yorkshire, London and South of England friends, including Lord Kenyon, director of the L. & N.W. Rly Co and other equally influential gentlemen.

As our Engineers indicate we should undertake Boring operations and generally accelerate our work, we are now raising further funds. Seeing we can confidentially anticipate a quite reasonably and satisfactory early return, your friends need have no hesitation whatever as to interesting themselves in our company.

Yours sincerely

P.S. Have just started a contractor on the Main Shaft. I hope to run it down very quickly -I think we may be able to make the 2nd cross-cut into the lode before Xmas, when its more than likely production will follow quite reasonably soon afterwards."

The typed letter is not signed unfortunately and appears to be an office copy retained by the company. At some later date, it has been overwritten in ink "Mrs H A Ransome Private & Confidential". Attached to the letter is a further sheet.

"During the month of July it became necessary to approach the Ministry of Munitions for Permits to purchase materials for working; the Department before granting this required to be satisfied that the prospects of the Company would warrant the grant of such permission, and asked that a Report from some approved Mining Engineer should be obtained. The name of Messrs Hooper, Speak & Co, of London Wall Buildings, was submitted and accepted by the Department and Mr Speak visited the mine on July 18th and 19th. Mr Speak furnished an exhaustive and satisfactory report.

Subsequent working rendered it advisable to send new samples to Mr Speak, on receipt of which he writes in favourable terms, the following being extracts.

'These samples are decidedly encouraging, for the amount of pyritic matter they contain is almost a sure indication that you are nearly down to a depth where the ore-body will exist in a more massive condition. The sulphides are coming in earlier than we anticipated, and we feel fairly sure that if you carry down the shaft a further 50ft and crosscut again you will then obtain satisfactory results ... We consider it highly probable that about 50ft deeper will reach the limits of surface oxidation, and the ore-body will then show something of interest to sulphuric acid makers ... we certainly consider that you have an excellent prospect of discovering a valuable ore-body at a small cost ... When our expectations are great, as in the present instance, we can strongly recommend the spending of the necessary money, properly to test the ore-body. It is a speculation with excellent prospects, there are chances of great reward ... We have no hesitation whatever in stating that the prospects fully warrant the work we have recommended.'

Have executed about half of the 50ft required and, having a contractor now, the balance footage cannot take long.

P.S. (NOTE) The manufacture of Sulphuric Acid is a bye-product, and by so removing the Sulphur, the ore is then in a more satisfactory condition for extraction of the Copper."

We don't know if the Reverend Walker and friends were tempted to help finance the scheme but the whole operation closed the following year. By that time, the shaft had presumably been sunk to the required level but it would seem that the "bonanza" was not forthcoming. It is interesting to note the use of sulphide minerals in the production of sulphuric acid. The latter was used in making munitions and, during the First World War, the country obviously needed as much as possible. The note in the report seems to indicate that the ore was treated to produce sulphuric acid before copper extraction began. If so, this might well have been on site but it is not known what apparatus would have been used.

The photos are a useful insight of a mine in the process of being equipped. The Main Level has rails and a wooden door and, if it reached the shaft, would have been almost 1mile long. The main shaft was apparently on the site of an earlier adit and was being equipped when the photos were taken. The headgear had a single pulley wheel and it was enclosed within a corrugated iron building. The survey actually shows two parallel and adjacent shafts but it is not clear from the photos if both these were in the building. Nearby was the winding engine which was a steam winch, possibly off a trawler. The boiler was upright and all of these were enclosed in another corrugated iron building.

Ore appears to have been wound up the shaft in a kibble which was placed on a flat wagon and wheeled on rails out of the shaft top building. Just outside, the kibble was upturned and ore fell down a shoot onto a platform below. Here it was treated on washing and grading tables, water coming from a large mine reservoir. Other buildings on site included an orehouse, cabin and offices. One of the photos shows the morning shift and the miners have very basic equipment. The standard method of dress was a flannel shirt, waistcoat, thick trousers, clogs and a flat cap. There is even a photo of the managing director in the company's Ford car, suitably dressed in a straw boater!

Surface Remains

The two shafts on the main site have been filled with rubbish. The foundations of the engine shed and office building can be distinguished but the most obvious feature is the cracked concrete reservoir.

The drainage level is in the bottom of the valley to the north. There is a large tip but the entrance has been dammed as a water supply. To the south-west is a small collapsed trial adit. There was an extension of the light railway which ran from the Cothercott Mill and this can be followed for most of its course. It may have been originally intended to extend this to Wrentnall Mine but it didn't get much further beyond the drainage level. What appears to be a lower spur line ends suddenly and may have finished because they couldn't get permission to follow the direct line through a smallholding. The higher course has to perform a loop through a cutting and embankment to avoid the smallholding. The body of an old tipping truck lies by the line here but there are plans to recover it for preservation.